Law journal of Donbass. Правовий часопис Донбасу

Постійне посилання на фонд

https://rep.dnuvs.ukr.education/handle/123456789/59

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Перегляд Law journal of Donbass. Правовий часопис Донбасу за Автор "Abdel Fatah A.S."

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  • Ескіз
    Документ
    Трудоправові ознаки, зміст та природа учнівського договору
    (Донецький державний університет внутрішніх справ, 2022) Абдель Фатах А.С.; Abdel Fatah A.S.
    У статті досліджено зміст учнівського договору як правового інституту, проаналізовано правове регулювання учнівства в країнах Європейського Союзу та визначено правову природу учнівського договору як самостійного виду договору у трудовому праві. Статтю підготовлено із застосуванням загальнодослідницьких та спеціальних методів наукового пізнання. Використано методи аналізу та синтезу, порівняльно-правового та історичного права, що дозволило окреслити трудоправові ознаки, зміст та природу учнівського договору. The article analyzes the content of the student’s contract as a legal institution, analyzed the legal regulation of apprenticeship in European Union countries, and defined the legal nature of the student’s contract as an independent type of contract in labour law. The article was prepared using general research and special methods of scientific knowledge. The methods of analysis and synthesis of comparative law and historical law were used, which made it possible to determine the labour-law characteristics, content and nature of the apprenticeship agreement. One of the forms of training and additional vocational training directly with the employer is the apprenticeship agreement, the legal nature of which is still under discussion and not definitively defined. An analysis of Ukrainian legislation shows that there are gaps in the regulation of relations related to vocational training directly with the employer. The author emphasizes the legal status of the subjects of legal relations of apprenticeship and the manner in which these legal relations are created, modified and terminated. A person who receives training directly at work acquires a special status, at the same time becoming an apprentice and a member of the enterprise’s labour collective. The author notes that the peculiarity of the subject matter is that the proportion of students is persons under the age of 18 whose work-related status has its own characteristics. The article defines the characteristics of an apprenticeship agreement, distinguishing it from a civil contract and a “classical” contract of employment. A peculiarity of the student contract is seen by the author in the basis of its conclusion and its ultimate purpose. The problem raised in the article is an important stage in the establishment and development of the institution of apprenticeship in Ukraine. This is a priority of the State’s policy for the development of dual education and the possibility of obtaining qualifications directly through vocational training. On the basis of an analysis of the scientific literature, it is reasonable to conclude that the pupil’s contract contains labour related characteristics, but because of its specific features is a separate type of contract in labour law, the legislative regulation of which will make it possible to determine its content, the rights and obligations of the parties and the opportunity to defend their rights in case of violation.
  • Ескіз
    Документ
    Історія дитячої праці та її законодавчого регулювання в ХІХ столітті
    (Донецький державний університет внутрішніх справ, 2020) Абдель Фатах А.С.; Abdel Fatah A.S.
    У статті досліджено еволюцію законодавства про працю неповнолітніх у XIX ст. Розглянуто експлуататорські умови праці неповнолітніх та фактори, які вплинули на формування і прийняття законодавства у сфері регулювання умов праці дітей. Проаналізовано основні законодавчі гарантії та обмеження щодо дитячої праці: мінімальний вік, час роботи, охорону. The article discusses the evolution of child labor law in the 19th century, on the example of England and the Russian Empire. The purpose of the article was to ascertain the circumstances that led to the exploitative forms of child labor, and the circumstances that have pushed governments to adopting legislation that would guarantee minimum labor rights for children. The article examines the types of productions (factories, mines, workshops) which were involved in child labor, investigated age range of working children, their working time, leisure of minors and conditions of labor. It was found out that the children began working from an early age, working conditions for children were not different from that of adults labor (working up to 20 hours a day, night work, unhygienic conditions at work), and remuneration was much smaller. The article discusses the consequences of child labor: injuries, high mortality rate and their influence on social, political and economic situation in states. The normative acts of the states, adopted during the nineteenth century, were analyzed. That gives the possibility to draw a general conclusion with respect to labor and social rights guaranteed by the states. Such assurances were: the establishment of a minimum age for employment, prohibition of night work for young children, baning work in dangerous and unhealthy industries, the improvement of working conditions, limitation of working hours, the provision of education. Of course, the laws that were adopted, not immediately and not always were effective. Employers were reluctant to carry out the laws. But one thing is certain: the state and society have set itself the problem and, through trial and error, are now struggling with the elimination of unacceptable forms of child labor.