Аграрне питання у науковій спадщині П. П. Мігуліна
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Дата
2019
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Видавець
Черкаський національний університет ім. Б. Хмельницького
Анотація
Незавершеність селянської реформи 1861 р. актуалізувала аграрне питання на межі ХІХ–ХХ ст. Професор Харківського університету П. П. Мігулін (1870–1948) детально проаналізував недоліки реформи та розробив комплексну, багатофакторну програму реорганізації агарної сфери Російської імперії, котра охоплювала фінансово-економічні, політико-правові та соціальні аспекти розв’язання агарного питання.
The incompleteness of the peasant reform of the 1861 actualized the agrarian question on the verge of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A Professor of the Kharkiv University P.P. Migulin (1870- 1948) was a respected expert on the agrarian question, the author of many papers and projects on the subject and had an experience of practical, political and legal activities in this field. He considered agriculture as a priority branch of the Russian Empire and therefore paid considerable attention to its agrarian question in his research and political activities. The author’s analysis of the agrarian question was multicomponent and covered the financial, economic, political, legal and social aspects of the agrarian policy of the Russian Empire. The approaches and recommendations for reforming the agrarian sphere suggested by P.P. Migulin are still relevant and can be used at the present stage of reforming property relations in the agrarian sector. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the scientific and journalistic developments of P.P. Migulin during the pre-October period, dedicated to the agrarian question of the Russian empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and to determinate the author’s approaches of solving the agrarian problem. Methods. In order to achieve a certain goal, in addition to the methods specific to the study of socioeconomic history, special methods have been used, which are common in historical and economic research – the organizational approach and process analysis of the economy of the Russian Empire. Results. While approving the peasant reform of 1861, P.P. Migulin defines the following main disadvantages of its implementation: undeveloped hereditary law in the new conditions of management; the size of land plots is not sufficient for sowing agriculture; excessive interest rate on redemption transactions; high land rents and so on. Also, the scientist paid a certain attention to the following problems in agriculture of the post-reform period: a) the domination of an extensive type of agriculture and the insignificant spread of rural crafts; b) high growth of the rural population in the Russian Empire, that led to the grinding of the land due to the undeveloped hereditary law in the new economic conditions; c) analysis of the agricultural community from the economic and legal point of view; d) significant tax pressure on the peasants. Conclusion. The agrarian issues are analyzed in more than 40 publications by the researcher. Processing and synthesising of scientific and journalistic works of P.P. Migulin allowed us to systematize the main activities of the agrarian program and conclude that it was complex and multifactorial. This program covered a variety of socio-economic and legal measures, namely: land law and inheritance law regulation; the preservation of private ownership of land; the revision of all available land in the empire suitable for agriculture and increasing the area of cultivated land; the stimulation of individualfamily land tenure in agriculture in order to increase the efficiency of its functioning; introduction of compulsory crop insurance from crop failure; intensification of agricultural activity through improvement of farming conditions (reclamation, irrigation and drainage of territories); the reform of peasant and noble banks and the establishment of a central agricultural farm bank to provide long-term and short-term loans to landowners; the creation of the favorable conditions for the export of agricultural products; the organization of the resettlement of peasants to the less populated areas. The implementation of the above measures is based on a scientifically sound financial policy of the state.
Опис
Пасічник Н. О. Аграрне питання у науковій спадщині П. П. Мігуліна / Н. О. Пасічник // Український селянин. – Черкаси : Черкаський національний університет ім. Б. Хмельницького, 2019. – Вип. 21, 2019. – С. 109–113.